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EUGENE OREGON
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Field Permeability Testing in Eugene: Lefranc and Lugeon Methods for Real Ground Conditions

Geotechnical engineering with regional judgment.

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The most common mistake we see on Eugene construction sites is relying on lab permeability values from disturbed samples. You get a clean Shelby tube from a Willamette silt, run a falling-head test in the lab, and the number looks reasonable. Then the excavation hits interbedded gravels and the inflow triples what the model predicted. The Lefranc and Lugeon tests exist precisely to avoid this disconnect. Eugene sits on a complex sequence of Quaternary alluvium, Missoula Flood deposits, and weathered volcanics of the Fisher Formation—materials whose in-situ hydraulic conductivity can vary by three orders of magnitude across a single project site. Running a field test captures the real mass permeability, including secondary porosity from root casts, desiccation cracks, and gravel lenses that no lab specimen ever represents. We combine these tests with CPT soundings when we need a continuous stratigraphic profile to select the proper test intervals, and with grain size analysis to correlate field results with soil classification for long-term dewatering design.

A Lugeon test does not just give you a permeability number—the shape of the pressure-flow curve reveals whether the rock mass will dilate, wash out, or self-heal under injection.

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Scope of work

Eugene's population passed 178,000 in 2023, and the city has been adding infill development at a pace that pushes projects into geotechnically marginal land—floodplain edges, historic meander scars of the Willamette River, and hillside lots underlain by deeply weathered Eugene Formation sandstone. The Lefranc test, run in a borehole at a specified depth, gives us a direct measurement of hydraulic conductivity in granular soils and soft rock using either a constant-head or variable-head procedure. We isolate the test interval with a pneumatic packer, fill the standpipe, and measure the rate of water level decay under a known hydraulic gradient. In fractured basalt or welded tuff, the Lugeon test is the standard: we inject water under pressure in five stages, measuring the uptake in Lugeon units where one Lugeon equals roughly 1×10⁻⁷ m/s. What matters locally is interpreting the flow regime from the pressure-flow curve—laminar, turbulent, dilation, or washout—because that tells you whether the rock mass will seal itself under grouting or open up further. For sites near the McKenzie River confluence, where groundwater fluctuates seasonally by 8 to 12 feet, we often pair permeability testing with slope stability analysis to evaluate rapid drawdown scenarios for permanent cut slopes.
Field Permeability Testing in Eugene: Lefranc and Lugeon Methods for Real Ground Conditions
Technical reference — Eugene Oregon

Area-specific notes

IBC Section 1803.5.4 and the Oregon Structural Specialty Code require subsurface exploration to assess groundwater conditions where they impact excavation, bearing capacity, or buoyancy. In Eugene, the real risk is not just knowing the water table elevation—it is understanding how fast water moves through the ground when you open an excavation. The Willamette Silt, mapped extensively across Eugene's urban core, is a classic aquitard that can confine water in underlying gravel stringers. If you design a dewatering system assuming homogeneous silt with a permeability of 1×10⁻⁶ cm/s, but the excavation intersects a gravel lens with two orders of magnitude higher conductivity, your sump pumps will be overwhelmed inside an hour. We have seen this happen on basement excavations north of downtown near the river terrace edge. A properly executed Lefranc test in each distinct stratum—run after logging the boring and selecting intervals based on stratigraphy, not arbitrary depth increments—eliminates that uncertainty. For hillside sites underlain by weathered Fisher Formation, the Lugeon test also gives you a direct measurement of grout take if grouting becomes necessary for groundwater cutoff or foundation improvement.

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Standards used

ASTM D6391-11: Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Using Borehole Infiltration, IBC 2021 Section 1803.5.4: Groundwater Investigation Requirements, USBR Earth Manual Part 2: Lugeon Test Procedures and Interpretation (Houlsby Method), Oregon Structural Specialty Code (OSSC) – Geotechnical Investigation Provisions

Reference parameters


ParameterTypical value
Applicable standard for Lefranc testASTM D6391-11 (variable-head method in borehole)
Applicable standard for Lugeon testUSBR Earth Manual Part 2; Houlsby (1976) interpretation
Typical test depth range10 ft to 120 ft below ground surface
Soil types tested by LefrancSands, gravels, silts, soft to moderately weathered rock
Rock mass types tested by LugeonFractured basalt, tuff, sandstone, welded volcanics
Hydraulic conductivity range measurable1×10⁻⁸ m/s to 1×10⁻⁴ m/s
Packer type for zone isolationSingle or double pneumatic packer, 2–6 ft test interval
Lugeon pressure stagesFive-stage cycle: low-medium-high-medium-low

Common questions

What is the cost of a field permeability test in Eugene, Oregon?

A single Lefranc test in a standard borehole in Eugene typically runs between US$560 and US$1,000 per test interval, depending on depth and access conditions. A full five-stage Lugeon test in rock generally falls in the upper portion of that range due to the longer test duration and specialized equipment. The total program cost depends on the number of test intervals required to characterize each distinct stratum on your site.

When should I choose a Lugeon test instead of a Lefranc test?

The Lugeon test is specifically designed for fractured rock masses—basalt, welded tuff, sandstone—where flow occurs primarily through discontinuities rather than pore spaces. In Eugene, this applies to hillside sites underlain by the Fisher or Eugene Formations. The Lefranc test is appropriate for soils and soft, non-jointed rock. If you are drilling through both alluvium and bedrock on the same boring, we often run a Lefranc test in the soil interval and a Lugeon test in the rock interval.

How long does a Lefranc test take to run?

A variable-head Lefranc test typically requires 30 to 90 minutes per interval, depending on the permeability of the material. Low-permeability silts will take longer because the water level decays slowly; gravels drain quickly and the test can be completed in under an hour. The test duration also depends on how long the formation needs to reach saturation before recording begins, which we verify by repeat readings.

What does a Lugeon value actually mean in practical terms?

One Lugeon unit is defined as a water take of one liter per minute per meter of test section at an injection pressure of 10 bars, which corresponds roughly to a hydraulic conductivity of 1×10⁻⁷ m/s. A rock mass with less than 1 Lugeon is considered practically impermeable and generally does not require grouting. Values between 3 and 10 Lugeon indicate a rock mass that will accept grout effectively. Values above 20 Lugeon suggest open fractures that may require special grouting techniques or alternative groundwater control measures.

How do Eugene's soils affect the reliability of permeability test results?

The Willamette Silt, which covers much of Eugene's valley floor, is highly sensitive to disturbance during drilling. If the borehole sidewalls are smeared by auger rotation, the measured permeability can be artificially low. We mitigate this by using hollow-stem augers and carefully cleaning the test zone before running the Lefranc test. In the gravelly channel deposits common near the Willamette and McKenzie Rivers, we use a sand pack around the test section to prevent collapse and ensure the intake factor calculation remains valid.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Eugene Oregon and surrounding areas.

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